Cobalt-Based Alloy

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0102030405

Co12 Cobalt-Based Alloy: High-Temperature and High-Pressure Wear Resistance Solution

Material Overview

Co12 is a high-carbon, high-tungsten cobalt-based superalloy designed for extreme temperature, high pressure, and severe wear environments. Based on cobalt (Co), it incorporates chromium (Cr), carbon (C), tungsten (W), and other elements (Fe, Ni, Si) to achieve enhanced strength, thermal stability, corrosion resistance, and superior (wear resistance). Compared to Co6, Co12 features significantly higher carbon (1.5%) and tungsten (8.0%) content, prioritizing hardness and high-temperature performance at the expense of toughness, making it suitable for more demanding applications.

product details

Chemical Composition and Element Functions

Element and Content (%)

Co: Balance，Provides thermal stability, toughness, and corrosion resistance.

C: 1.5%，up hardness and wear resistance.

Cr: 30.5%，Forms a dense Cr₂O₃ oxide layer for resistance to acids, alkalis, and salts.

W: 8.0%，Significantly enhances high-temperature strength, creep resistance, and erosion resistance.

Fe/Ni: 2.5% ，EachImprove processability and reduce cost; nickel also boosts corrosion resistance slightly.

Si: 1.5%，Deoxidizer to minimize defects during powder metallurgy.

Core Performance Advantages

· Ultra-High Hardness and Wear Resistance

· Rockwell Hardness (HRC): 40–50 HRC (up to 55 HRC after heat treatment);

· Vickers Hardness (HV): ~1500–1700 HV;

· High carbon (1.5%) and tungsten (8.0%) form hard WC precipitates, enhancing resistance to high-stress friction and particle erosion (e.g., gears, screws in continuous operation).

· Excellent Thermal Stability

· Melting point: ~1480°C (far exceeding ordinary steel and nickel-based alloys);

· Maintains structural integrity at temperatures up to 800°C, thanks to cobalt’s solid-solution strengthening and tungsten’s creep resistance.

· Strong Corrosion Resistance

· Chromium oxide (Cr₂O₃) layer resists acids (e.g., HCl, H₂SO₄), alkalis, and saline solutions;

· Less resistant to HF and concentrated HNO₃ (avoid exposure to strong reducing environments).

· Resistance to Cavitation and Fatigue

· Gas atomization ensures high powder density (>99.5%), minimizing residual stress and cavitation risk;

· Cobalt’s inherent toughness provides fatigue resistance for cyclic loads (e.g., valve actuation).

Production Process

· Gas Atomization Powder Metallurgy (PM)

· Molten metal is atomized using inert gases (argon/nitrogen), yielding spherical, low-porosity powder with excellent flowability for precision molding (e.g., thermal spraying, 3D printing).

· High-density sintering (>99.5% dense, <0.1% porosity) ensures mechanical properties and durability.

· Heat Treatment

· Quenching + Tempering: Enhances hardness-toughness balance (e.g., 1100°C quenching + 600°C tempering yields HRC 50);

· Nitriding/Carbonitriding: Surface hardness can reach HRC 60+ for extended wear life.

Typical Applications

· High-Temperature and High-Pressure Valves

· Used in petrochemical and natural gas sectors for ball valves, gate valves, and check valves exposed to high-temperature steam (>500°C) and corrosive media (e.g., sulfur-containing natural gas).

· Screws and Saw Teeth

· Injection molding screws, compressor rotors, and woodworking saw blades requiring resistance to frictional heat and particulate erosion.

· Surface Coatings and Cladding

· Deposited onto steel or low-alloy steel substrates to improve wear and corrosion resistance (e.g., mining machinery gears, pump linings);

· High-temperature components in aerospace (e.g., rocket engine nozzles, combustion chamber liners).

· Nuclear and Energy Industries

· Fuel rod supports, high-temperature steam pipes in nuclear reactors;

· Superheater tubes in coal-fired power plants resistant to thermal oxidation and stress corrosion cracking.

Considerations

· Processing Challenges: High hardness necessitates the use of carbide tools or laser cutting; welding is difficult and requires brazing or explosive bonding.
· Environmental Limits: Avoid exposure to HF or strong reducing environments; high carbon may reduce impact resistance.
· Alternatives: For higher toughness, consider Co10 or nickel-based alloys (e.g., Inconel 625); for extreme corrosion resistance, Stellite12 or Hastelloy C-series may be preferable.

Conclusion

Co12 cobalt-based alloy excels in scenarios requiring ultra-high hardness, thermal stability, and wear resistance under extreme conditions. Its gas atomization process ensures high-density, consistent performance, making it ideal for applications in energy,化工, aerospace, and heavy industry. While costly and challenging to process, Co12 offers unmatched durability for high-stress environments where traditional steels or lower-alloy materials fail.

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